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Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 872-886 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0796-2

摘要： The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents (DBAs) and beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), including severe accidents (SAs) with core meltdown, in NPP design (NP-001-15, NP-082-07, and others). For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs, it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification (RD-03-33-2008, RD-03-34-2000) and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report (SAR) (NP-006-16). The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) (formerly, thermohydraulics (RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes (SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum (HEFEST)) was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor (WWER) at all stages of the accident. Enhancements to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers (Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN)) with OKB Gidropress JSC and other organizations. Currently, the SOCRAT/1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant (RP) safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel melting. To perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/1, the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied, which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident scenario. This study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/1. Approaches have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC SOCRAT. This process, which is clearly structured in OKB Gidropress JSC, provides a noticeable reduction in human involvement, and reduces the probability of erroneous results.

关键词： system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) design basis accidents (DBAs) severe accidents (SAs) computer code (CC) nuclear power plant (NPP) design water-cooled water-moderated (WWER) modeling model safety requirements

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关于大规模并行处理机系统可扩展性设计

卢锡城

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 105-109

摘要：

大规模并行处理系统旨在满足国防和国民经济许多重要应用领域对高性能计算能力的需求。长期以来，结构上的可扩性和编程上的友好性一直是并行计算机系统设计中追求的重要而又互相矛盾的两个目标。文章结合研究实践，对大规模并行处理机系统（MPP)可扩展性设计的若干问题进行探讨。

关键词：体系结构大规模并行处理机（MPP) 对称多处理机（SMP) 基于Cache—致性的非一致存储访问（CC-NUMA) 群机（duster) 超结点

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CC@BCN@PANI core-shell nanoarrays as ultra-high cycle stability cathode for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 555-566 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0882-8

摘要： Exploring cathode materials that combine excellent cycling stability and high energy density poses a challenge to aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). Herein, polyaniline (PANI) coated boron-carbon-nitrogen (BCN) nanoarray on carbon cloth surface is prepared as advanced cathode materials via simple high-temperature calcination and electrochemical deposition methods. Because of the excellent specific capacity and conductivity of PANI, the CC@BCN@PANI core-shell nanoarrays cathode shows an excellent ion storage capability. Moreover, the 3D nanoarray structure can provide enough space for the volume expansion and contraction of PANI in the charging/discharging cycles, which effectively avoids the collapse of the microstructure and greatly improves the electrochemical stability of PANI. Therefore, the CC@BCN@PANI-based ZHSCs exhibit superior electrochemical performances showing a specific capacity of 145.8 mAh/g, a high energy density of 116.78 Wh/kg, an excellent power density of 12 kW/kg, and a capacity retention rate of 86.2% after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A/g. In addition, the flexible ZHSCs (FZHSCs) also show a capacity retention rate of 87.7% at the current density of 2 A/g after 450 cycles.

关键词： CC@BCN@PANI cathode Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor core-shell nanoarrays high energy density ultra-high cycle stability

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Optimization of spatial structure designs of control rod using Monte Carlo code RMC

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 974-983 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0769-5

摘要： Control rod is the most important approach to control reactivity in reactors, which is currently a cluster of pins filled with boron carbide (B₄C). In this case, neutrons are captured in the outer region, and thus the inner absorber is inefficient. Moreover, the lifetime of the control rod is challenged due to the high reactivity worth loss resulted from the excessive degradation of B₄C in the high flux area. In this work, some control rod designs are proposed with optimized spatial structures including the spatially mixed rod, radially moderated rod, and composite control rod with small-sized pins. The control rod worth and effective absorption cross section of these designs are computed using the Monte Carlo code RMC. A long-time depletion calculation is conducted to evaluate their burnup stability. For the spatially mixed rod, rare-earth absorbers are combined with B₄C in spatial structure. Compared with the homogenous B₄C rod, mixed designs ensure more sufficient reactivity worth in the lifetime of the reactor. The minimum reactivity loss at the end of the cycle is only 1.8% from the dysprosium titanate rod, while the loss for pure B₄C rod is nearly 12%. For the radially moderated design, a doubled neutronic efficiency is achieved when the volume ratio of moderator equals approximately 0.3, while excessive moderating may lead to the failure of control rods. The control rod with small-sized pins processes an enhanced safety performance and saves the investment in absorbers. The rod worth can be further enhanced by introducing small moderator pins, and the reactivity loss caused by the reduction of absorbers is sustainable.

关键词： control rod optimized spatial structure neutronic performance burnup stability

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Liquid metal cooling in thermal management of computer chips

MA Kunquan, LIU Jing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 384-402 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0057-3

摘要： With the rapid improvement of computer performance, tremendous heat generation in the chip becomes a major serious concern for thermal management. Meanwhile, CPU chips are becoming smaller and smaller with almost no room for the he

关键词： tremendous computer performance generation management improvement

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EAI-oriented information classification code system in manufacturing enterprises

WANG Junbiao, DENG Hu, JIANG Jianjun, YANG Binghong, WANG Bailing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 81-85 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0011-8

摘要： Although the traditional information classification coding system in manufacturing enterprises (MEs) emphasizes the construction of code standards, it lacks the management of the code creation, code data transmission and so on. According to the demands of enterprise application integration (EAI) in manufacturing enterprises, an enterprise application integration oriented information classification code system (EAIO-ICCS) is proposed. EAIO-ICCS expands the connotation of the information classification code system and assures the identity of the codes in manufacturing enterprises with unified management of codes at the view of its lifecycle.

关键词： EAI EAIO-ICCS management classification connotation

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A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 607-622 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0637-3

摘要： This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topo-logy optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material field with specified spatial correlation to represent the structural topology. With the series-expansion method for bounded fields, this material field is described with the characteristic base functions and the corresponding coefficients. Compared with the conventional density-based method, the MFSE method decouples the topological description and the finite element discretization, and greatly reduces the number of design variables after dimensionality reduction. Other features of this method include inherent control on structural topological complexity, crisp structural boundary description, mesh independence, and being free from the checkerboard pattern. With the focus on the implementation of the MFSE method, the present MATLAB code uses the maximum stiffness optimization problems solved with a gradient-based optimizer as examples. The MATLAB code consists of three parts, namely, the main program and two subroutines (one for aggregating the optimization constraints and the other about the method of moving asymptotes optimizer). The implementation of the code and its extensions to topology optimization problems with multiple load cases and passive elements are discussed in detail. The code is intended for researchers who are interested in this method and want to get started with it quickly. It can also be used as a basis for handling complex engineering optimization problems by combining the MFSE topology optimization method with non-gradient optimization algorithms without sensitivity information because only a few design variables are required to describe relatively complex structural topology and smooth structural boundaries using the MFSE method.

关键词： MATLAB implementation topology optimization material-field series-expansion method bounded material field dimensionality reduction

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基于近似子树匹配的快速代码推荐方法 Research Article

邵宜超1,2,3,黄志球1,2,3,李伟湋1,2,3,喻垚慎1,2,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1205-1216 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100379

摘要：软件开发人员通常需编写与已有代码具有类似功能的代码，而帮助开发人员重用这些代码片段的代码推荐工具可显著提高软件开发效率。近年来许多研究者开始关注这一领域，并提出多种代码推荐方法。一些研究者使用序列匹配算法得到相关代码，这些方法往往效率较低，且只能利用代码中的文本信息。另一些研究者从代码中提取特征并形成特征向量，从而计算代码间相似性并得到推荐结果。然而特征向量相似往往不代表原始代码相似，在将抽象语法树转换为向量的过程中存在结构信息丢失问题。对此，我们提出一种基于近似子树匹配的代码推荐方法。与现有基于特征向量匹配的方法不同，该方法在匹配过程中保留了查询代码的树型结构，从而找到与当前查询在结构上最为相似的代码片段。此外，通过哈希思想将子树匹配问题转化为树与列表间的匹配，使得抽象语法树信息可以用于对时间要求较高的代码推荐任务。为评估方法的有效性，构建了多个涵盖不同语言和粒度的代码数据集。实验结果表明，该方法在所有数据集上的召回率均优于两种对比方法——SENSORY和Aroma，且可以应用于大型数据集。

关键词：代码复用；代码推荐；树相似度；结构信息

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人-机结合的智能科学和智能工程

戴汝为

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第5期页码 24-28

摘要：

20世纪80年代以来，与人工智能(AI)密切相关的有两件大事，即日本的第五代计算机计划和中国的(“八六三”-306)智能计算机计划。两个计划实施后，使人们对智能自动化问题的认识有很大转变与提高。钱学森先生对此指出了人机结合的重要性，并认为应该研究人机结合的智能系统。笔者于1994年提出“智能科学和智能工程”这一学科领域的设想，到今天，有关人-机结合的智能系统研究已经有了相当的进展。

关键词：智能计算机人机结合综合集成法综合集成研讨厅大成智慧工程

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代码变更驱动的增量式软件架构恢复技术 Research Article

王丽1,2,孔祥龙1,王家慧3,李必信1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第5期页码 664-677 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100461

摘要：在软件演化过程中，受开发能力和投入资源限制，软件架构通常难以与代码保持同步更新，导致架构设计与代码产生不一致，对软件维护等工作造成潜在影响。为解决此问题，本文提出一种增量式软件架构恢复技术，即ISAR。该技术首先从变更代码片段中提取依赖信息，然后根据依赖强度分析模块间关联关系，最后基于代码变更与架构更新间的关联关系设计两层分类器以恢复架构。本文基于10个开源项目构建验证实验，结果表明ISAR在架构恢复精度和效率方面优于传统技术。此外，本文发现架构设计文档质量对ISAR架构恢复精度有一定影响，但随着版本迭代逐渐趋于稳定。

关键词：架构恢复；软件演化；代码变更

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Review of research and development of computer-aided Kansei Engineering

Li LIN, Chengqi XUE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0023-z

摘要： Kansei Engineering is an important research approach and has become the hotspot of research in design fields. The concept of Kansei Engineering is introduced based on the investigation of related literatures. The working process and the key technology of computer-aided Kansei Engineering systems are discussed. Finally, the development trend of Kansei Engineering is outlined according to the development of computer and networking technology.

关键词： Kansei words design elements system database

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ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟 Research Article

滕云1,3,李之悦2,4,黄晶1,3,张广艳2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第11期页码 1646-1657 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100566

摘要：

为获得高性能和高数据可用性，基于纠删码的内存存储系统得到广泛应用。然而，随着集群规模不断增长，服务器级别的性能降级问题出现得越来越频繁，进而导致长尾延迟。在基于纠删码的系统中，由于一个纠删码操作可能依赖于多个子操作的同步完成，长尾延迟的影响被进一步放大。本文提出一种称为ShortTail的基于纠删码的内存存储系统，该系统可实现稳定的性能和较低的读写延迟。首先，ShortTail使用轻量请求监视器监测每个内存节点性能，以便及时发现性能降级节点。其次，ShortTail选择性执行降级读操作和重定向写操作，以避免访问性能降级节点。最后，ShortTail采用一种自适应写策略降低小写请求的写放大程度。本文在Memcached上实现了ShortTail，并将其与两个系统进行比较。实验结果表明，ShortTail最高可降低63.77%的99分位延迟，且显著改善中位延迟和平均延迟。

关键词：纠删码；内存存储系统；节点性能降级；小写请求；尾部延迟

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Development of a steady thermal-hydraulic analysis code for the China Advanced Research Reactor

TIAN Wenxi, QIU Suizheng, GUO Yun, SU Guanghui, JIA Dounan, LIU Tiancai, ZHANG Jianwei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 189-194 doi: 10.1007/s00000-007-0024-8

摘要： A multi-channel model steady-state thermal-hydraulic analysis code was developed for the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR). By simulating the whole reactor core, the detailed mass flow distribution in the core was obtained. The result shows that structure size plays the most important role in mass flow distribution, and the influence of core power could be neglected under single-phase flow. The temperature field of the fuel element under unsymmetrical cooling condition was also obtained, which is necessary for further study such as stress analysis, etc. of the fuel element. At the same time, considering the hot channel effect including engineering factor and nuclear factor, calculation of the mean and hot channel was carried out and it is proved that all thermal-hydraulic parameters satisfy the Safety design regulation of CARR .

关键词： detailed calculation unsymmetrical temperature channel

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Evaluation of computer vision techniques for automated hardhat detection in indoor construction safety

Bahaa Eddine MNEYMNEH, Mohamad ABBAS, Hiam KHOURY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018071

摘要： Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards. However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers. Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats. Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately, precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.

关键词： construction safety personal protective equipment hardhat computer vision

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Computer modeling of crystal growth of silicon for solar cells

Lijun LIU, Xin LIU, Zaoyang LI, Koichi KAKIMOTO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 305-312 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0155-9

摘要： A computer simulator with a global model of heat transfer during crystal growth of Si for solar cells is developed. The convective, conductive, and radiative heat transfers in the furnace are solved together in a coupled manner using the finite volume method. A three-dimensional (3D) global heat transfer model with 3D features is especially made suitable for any crystal growth, while the requirement for computer resources is kept permissible for engineering applications. A structured/unstructured combined mesh scheme is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation. A dynamic model for the melt-crystal (mc) interface is developed to predict the phase interface behavior in a crystal growth process. Dynamic models for impurities and precipitates are also incorporated into the simulator. Applications of the computer simulator to Czochralski (CZ) growth processes and directional solidification processes of Si crystals for solar cells are introduced. Some typical results, including the turbulent melt flow in a large-scale crucible of a CZ-Si process, the dynamic behaviors of the mc interface, and the transport and distributions of impurities and precipitates, such as oxygen, carbon, and SiC particles, are presented and discussed. The findings show the importance of computer modeling as an effective tool in the analysis and improvement of crystal growth processes and furnace designs for solar Si material.

关键词： computer modeling silicon crystal growth solar cells